Yes, they are tested in a lab on a dyno that simulates air resistance by increasing the resistance on the dyno roller.
EPA actually asks for several other tests, some of which would probably be very usefully if shared with the consumer. But I assume manufacturers only want to share the portion...
Numbers actually come from Toyota with conditions determined by the government, and includes headwind at 55 MPH. Government only test a small number of vehicles to validate the numbers manufacturers report.
It would be fine, drivetrain will not care if one axel has more traction. Torsen central diff will mechanically split the torque to each axel based on traction (relative wheel speed).
Having chains on all 4 tires are recommended for awd vehicles with open diffs since an open diff will send the...
Yeah that would be fine. Since it has a torsen central diff, axel with more traction will get more torque.
Just be careful about locking the central or rear diff with the chains on.
I think cables on top of socks would cause the socks to rip apart really fast.
If you are worried about clearance, you could try low clearance Chains (also known as clamp on chains).
But in my opinion, there is no danger to using regular high quality chains on rear wheels. Toyota probably does...
I would just buy tire chains. Buy two sets if you want redundancy in case one chain breaks. Chains will outperform any winter tire.
I would practice putting them on though.
I would get a hand cranked winch for any emergencies, with necessary straps, hooks etc.
Also bear mace for wildlife. It should work fine on wolfs, cougars, moose etc. Just don’t accidentally spray yourself.
I still did not understand what exactly was broken. Was it the lever that is pulled to fold the seats, was it the central arm rest, was it the arm rest on the door?
I do not think ASTM D4814 regulates octane number. The only thing it may regulate is how the fuel is labeled, as in you cannot label 88 octane as premium etc.
I remember reading years ago is this is because the car's computer operates with metric units, and that it converts numbers in MPH to KMH and than rounds it down to the nearest integer. Like setting 70 MPH gets converted/rounded down to 112 KMH, which is then set as 69 MPH by the cruise system...
Your RPM gauge will be at zero. There is also a hybrid gauge that you can assign to the center screen (though you can have both the engine and electric motor running at the same time).
There are around 15k reported sales. But any car with upright windshield is prone to damage. People were famously joking that FJ Cruiser's needed a new windshield every oil change
They are dealer add-ons. My dealer mentioned that they can install it for free, but I declined. In my opinion these small PPFs look terrible after 2-3 years on light colored cars when the dirt and road grime start to buildup on the edges.
I do this as well, with a car wash that does final rinse with distilled water. Water here is so hard that hand washing turns into a whole mess unless you completely wipe it dry.